Mangrove Conservation for Planetary Health: Quantifying Climate, Health, and Socioeconomic Impacts in Protected Mangrove Ecosystems

Mangrove ecosystems play a central role in climate change mitigation and offer a wealth of co-benefits that support human health and local livelihoods. However, ongoing deforestation and fragmented conservation efforts threaten these benefits, exposing communities to health and economic vulnerabilities. This project will assess the impacts of mangrove conservation on climate regulation, health, and socioeconomic outcomes, using Ramsar-protected mangroves in Malaysia as a model. Structured around six integrated work packages, we will combine environmental, public health, and socioeconomic outcomes to understand the full range of conservation impacts. This includes measuring greenhouse gas fluxes, sediment carbon stocks, and microbial functions; investigating health outcomes related to respiratory and mental health, heavy metal exposure and antimicrobial resistance; and examining how conservation influences livelihoods, wellbeing, and community responses to environmental change. Hydrodynamic modelling will assess the role of mangroves in mitigating coastal hazards, while participatory research will explore local knowledge, adaptation barriers, and risks of maladaptation. Findings will be co-produced with local communities and national stakeholders to raise awareness, inform decision-making, and support conservation efforts. By linking climate, health, and development outcomes, this project will strengthen the case for mangrove conservation that contributes to planetary health and resilience in Malaysia and beyond.