Using genetics to understand causal mechanisms underlying adverse outcomes of obese pregnancies

Maternal obesity (an excessive amount of body fat) is one of the most common risk factors in pregnancy. Risks associated with obesity are varied but can result in problems for both mother (pregnancy-related diabetes, high blood pressure) and her baby (small or large birthweight, early delivery). While these risks are known, we are not certain what the processes (mechanisms) are that link the mother's obesity with effects on her pregnancy and fetus. We will use human genetics data in babies, mothers and fathers with information on growth, pregnancy duration and other measures, to find out how a fetus regulates its own growth, how the mother's glucose and blood pressure affect the fetus, and whether the genetics of the fetus can influence changes in the mother's body in pregnancy. Clarifying these underlying mechanisms is essential for improved, targeted antenatal healthcare for women and their babies according to their level of risk.