Understanding the neural mechanisms of mating in malaria mosquitoes

In 2021, globally there were 247 million cases mosquito-borne malaria, resulting in 593,000 deaths. Despite its global health priority, the neuroscience of mosquito mating behaviour is not well understood. The malaria mosquitoes mating behaviour is sexually dimorphic, occurring at dusk in male-dominated swarms, where males locate females acoustically. Given the necessity of swarms for mosquito reproduction, swarms represent conspicuous targets for vector control. Why and how only males form swarms? What is the underlying neural circuitry which underpins mosquito mating behaviour? Bulk RNA sequencing revealed differences in certain neurotransmitter receptors expressions in males and females ears at swarm time, but the neural circuits driving this sexually dimorphic behaviour are still unknown. Here, using single-nuclei RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, genetic manipulation, and behavioural studies, I will uncover which neuronal populations are involved in mating behaviour, where such populations are located, and how they orchestrate distinct mating behaviours. This project's holistic and innovative approaches will significantly enhance our understanding of the neural circuitry and mechanisms underlying mating behaviour, potentially pinpointing numerous precise and nuanced insecticide targets. Moreover, it will contribute to understanding the fundamental neuroscience question of how sensory information is integrated within the brain to influence behavioural outcomes.