Interferon and Human Pandemic Viruses

HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus are cumulatively responsible for over two million deaths in 2020. Like all viruses, their growth and onward transmission are heavily dependent on the exploitation of cellular processes and components provided by the host. Conversely, an array of host immune mechanisms inhibit virus replication and provide protection against future infections. Interferons (IFNs) are host proteins produced in response to virus infection that mobilise a protective antiviral state in cells by activating IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Our research will employ cutting-edge gene discovery technologies to identify the key ISGs that inhibit each of these three viruses. We will elucidate the mechanisms of antiviral action of relevant ISGs, and determine if these viruses have countermeasures enabling evasion from ISG-mediated suppression. By deepening the understanding of the delicate balance between these competing forces, we will add to the knowledge base from which antiviral therapeutics and vaccines can be rationally designed.