World Mosquito Program: life-saving innovation in disease control

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector of the dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika viruses. This single mosquito species is responsible for almost all the world’s dengue transmission, infecting an estimated 390 million people every year.

The Aedes mosquitoes can now be found on every continent except Antarctica. However, the burden of these diseases is highest in the world’s poorest populations.

The problem is that Aedes mosquitoes are very hard to control.

They have adapted to human environments and are becoming resistant to many pesticides. They are also most active during the day, so other common interventions like bed nets aren’t as effective.

The challenge of controlling these mosquito populations and curbing disease transmission needs innovative solutions.

The World Mosquito Program began as the Eliminate Dengue Program in 2008, initiated by groundbreaking research into the Wolbachia bacteria at Monash University in Australia.  

The program developed an innovative technique that introduces natural Wolbachia bacteria into mosquito populations to inhibit the mosquitoes' ability to transmit viruses to humans.

Recognising the transformative potential of this approach, in 2016, Wellcome joined a coalition including the US Agency for International Development, the UK Government, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to provide crucial support for the initiative.

This essential funding enabled the World Mosquito Program to transition from localised projects to an international operation and boosted the research, infrastructure, and collaboration essential for the programme's success.

As of 2024, the World Mosquito Program has released Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes in 14 countries across Asia, Latin America and the Western Pacific.

Results from global project sites consistently show that dengue is reduced in communities where Wolbachia has been deployed. For example, in Yogyakarta, dengue incidence fell by 77% in Wolbachia-treated areas compared with untreated areas.

The program prioritises community engagement everywhere it works – collaborating with independent community groups to ensure broad acceptance of the technique before releasing any mosquitoes. Across the globe, consistently high levels of community acceptance highlight the recognition and trust in the World Mosquito Program’s efforts.

This collaborative approach not only enhances public health outcomes but also empowers communities to protect themselves sustainably.

In total, around 11 million people have already been protected from mosquito-borne diseases, preventing an estimated 600,000 dengue cases and 40,000 hospitalisations. And modelling predicts that Wolbachia’s virus-blocking properties will eliminate dengue transmission in these mosquito populations for decades to come.

Infectious diseases are among the biggest health challenges in the world today.

We support the research and development of innovative solutions, like the Wolbachia method, to combat infectious diseases in the regions with the greatest burden.

As the World Mosquito Program expands its reach into new regions, support from Wellcome and other global partners will be critical to ensure this pioneering work continues.